Renowned for its stunning landscapes—from the red outback and lush rainforests to the world-famous Great Barrier Reef— Australia boasts an equally impressive cultural and ethnic diversity. Beyond its unique wildlife of koalas and kangaroos, Australian identity is deeply rooted in the traditions of our First Nations people, marked by a profound connection to the land, a strong sense of community, and a deep respect for nature. Additionally, British colonization has shaped our culture, imbuing it with a spirit of resilience and a certain rebellious streak.
Immigration has further shaped Australia’s identity. Known for multiculturalism, our diversity is reflected in various cuisines, festivals, languages, and cultural practices. As of 2021, over 7 million Australians, or 27.6% of the population, were born overseas. Early immigrants were primarily from England, Scotland, and Ireland, followed by waves from Italy in the 1950s, China in the 1970s, and more recently, migrants from India, Nepal, the Philippines, China, and Vietnam. It is imperative that missionaries understand our diverse context and are adaptable in their approach to gospel ministry, as it will look different in parts of Australia.
Australians are Egalitarian
A key aspect of Australian identity is egalitarianism, encapsulated in the concept of “mateship,” which emphasizes loyalty, camaraderie, and giving everyone a “fair go.” Australians champion equality, regardless of background, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status, contributing to a generally welcoming attitude towards migration.
In a society that highly values effort, achievement, and merit, the concept of grace—unearned and freely given—offers a countercultural message.
Moreover, Australians prefer humility over boastfulness, a sentiment reflected in the Tall Poppy Syndrome (TPS). TPS involves resenting or criticizing those who stand out due to their success. Australians value modesty, often downplaying their achievements and struggling with compliments. We prefer a humble Harry over a proud Peter. Success is fine—just don’t boast about it.
In the egalitarian landscape of Australian culture, missionaries should approach sharing the gospel with both boldness and humility. Building relationships on a personal level and actively participating in community life are likely to be more effective approaches for evangelism.
Australians are Industrious
Australians value hard work and expect that anyone can earn their way if given an opportunity. Recognition and advancement are expected to be earned through skill and contribution, not favoritism, and Australians strongly oppose injustice when this is not the case. Given Australia’s harsh climate and frequent natural disasters, this industrious spirit is born out of necessity. From the First Nations people to European settlers and modern migrants, Australia is a land of opportunity for those willing to work for it. According to the 2015 ANUpoll by the Social Research Centre, Australians self-identify as middle-class (51.5%) and working-class (40.3%), highlighting the nation’s strong work ethic and expectation for recognition and advancement based on merit.
In a society that highly values effort, achievement, and merit, the concept of grace—unearned and freely given—offers a countercultural message. It reminds people that, despite their accomplishments or failures, their worth and ultimate salvation are not dependent on their efforts but on the unconditional love and sacrifice of Jesus Christ.
Australians are Skeptical
A growing skepticism towards leadership and institutional authority characterizes modern Australian society. The 2022 Edelman Trust Barometer reveals record-low public trust in institutions, including healthcare, education, government, media, and organized religion. This skepticism extends to the church, particularly when it appears disconnected from the poor and marginalized.
Australia’s cultural and spiritual landscape is also shifting. As a pluralistic and relativistic society, much of the Christian heritage has faded. Younger Millennials and Gen Z know little about Christianity, often lacking familiarity with the Bible and the foundations of Christian ethics. Traditional Christian views on sexuality and women’s rights are frequently perceived as incompatible with Australia’s “fair go” ethos, contributing to the church’s skepticism.
Australians are Spiritually Hungry
Australia has a rich history of faith, beginning with Indigenous Australians and continuing through European settlement with a strong Christian presence. However, modern Australia is largely post-Christian. Religious affiliation has sharply declined in recent decades as people increasingly identify as non-religious. Some statistical surveys indicate that less than 4% of Australians attend gospel-preaching churches and that close to 70% are in decline.
Despite this, post-Christian does not equate to post-spiritual. Australians remain spiritually curious, with younger generations, particularly Gen Z, showing a renewed interest in spirituality. McCrindle Research reveals that Gen Z is more open and engaged in spirituality than previous generations. This suggests that, despite secular trends, Australia remains spiritually hungry. The secular experiment is faltering. Younger Australians, especially, are dissatisfied and seeking something deeper and better.
What Does This Mean for Missions?
While we must acknowledge that challenges exist, the spiritually curious population presents significant opportunities. Australia is ripe for gospel ministry. We pray for more gospel-working laborers (Matthew 9:37), ready to humbly love and serve Australia. To be effective, missionaries must commit to pursuing genuine long-term relationships that build trust and model the way of Christ. As you immerse yourself in Australia’s beautiful, diverse culture, you will find ample opportunity to proclaim the gospel and give reason for the hope in you (1 Peter 3:15) with cultural sensitivity and to the glory of God.
Kyllum Lewis is the lead pastor of Life Centre Church in North Lakes, Brisbane. He is the Australia network director for Acts 29. He is married to Karly and they have four children.
